With the Heart of a King: Elizabeth I of England, Philip II of Spain, and the Fight for a Nation's Soul and Crown (精装) 0312348444

Philip II of Spain, the most powerful monarch in sixteenth-century Europe and a ferocious empire-builder, was matched against the dauntless queen of England, Elizabeth I, determined to defend her country and thwart Philip's ambitions. Philip had been king of England while married to Elizabeth's half-sister, Bloody Mary Tudor, a devout Catholic. After Mary's untimely death, he courted Elizabeth, the new queen, and proposed marriage to her, hoping to build a permanent alliance between his country and hers and return England to the Catholic fold. Lukewarm to the Spanish alliance and resolute against a counterreformation, Elizabeth declined his proposal.When under her guidance England's maritime power grew to challenge Spain's rule of the sea and threaten its rich commerce, Philip became obsessed with the idea of a conquest of England and the restoration of Catholicism there, by fire and sword. Elizabeth—bold, brilliant, defiantly Protestant—became his worst enemy.In 1586 Philip began assembling the mighty Spanish Armada, and in May 1588 it sailed from Lisbon. With superior seamanship and strategies, Elizabeth's navy defeated and drove off the Spanish fleet. Forced to retreat around the northern coast of Ireland and Scotland, Philip's ships ran into violent storms that wreaked havoc. It was the rivalry's climactic event. From Publishers Weekly He was the dour Catholic despot bent on stamping out the Reformation;she was the plucky ruler of Europe's leading Protestant power. He was thewidower who proposed marriage to his sister-in-law; she was the coy virginqueen who kept him off-balance by flirting with other potentates. As they movefrom dalliance to open war during the expedition of the Spanish Armada, PhilipII of Spain and Elizabeth I of England shape the 16th century into a romancesaga. Well, not really; a similar book could be written about many duos amongEurope's incestuous ruling class, where power marriages were treated as thegravest matters of state. Journalist Patterson writes an enjoyable narrative ofthe intensely personal politics of the era, with plenty of intrigue andcolorful characters, including the tragic Mary Queen of Scots and the dashingFrancis Drake. The author sets it all against a backdrop of Renaissancepageantry and ritualistic burnings and beheadings of heretics and papists. TheElizabeth-Philip relationship is not an unduly cogent framework for a historyof the age, but it makes for diverting true-life soap opera on an epic scale. 8pages of bw photos. (Feb.) Copyright Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. "He was the dour Catholic despot bent on stamping out the Reformation; she was the plucky ruler of Europe's leading Protestant power. He was the widower who proposed marriage to his sister-in-law; she was the coy virgin queen who kept him off-balance by flirting with other potentates. As they move from dalliance to open war during the expedition of the Spanish Armada, Philip II of Spain and Elizabeth I of England shape the 16th century into a romance saga . . . Journalist Patterson writes an enjoyable narrative of the intensely personal politics of the era, with plenty of intrigue and colorful characters, including the tragic Mary Queen of Scots and the dashing Francis Drake. The author sets it all against a backdrop of Renaissance pageantry and ritualistic burnings and beheadings of heretics and papists. The Elizabeth-Philip relationship. . . makes for diverting true-life soap opera on an epic scale."—Publishers Weekly Benton Rain Patterson is a former newspaper and magazine writer and editor. He has worked for The New York Times and the Saturday Evening Post. He is the author of Harold and William: The Battle for England, 1064-1066; Washington and Cornwallis: The Battle for America, 1775-1783; and The Generals: Andrew Jackson, Sir Edward Pakenham, and the Road to the Battle of New Orleans. Chapter OneThe PrinceIn the year 1527, the most powerful man of the Western world was the Holy Roman emperor, Charles V, emperor of Austria and Germany, king of Spain and Sicily, and lord over a dozen or more other states in Italy and the Netherlands, which included Belgium. A rare confluence of noble family connections had made him sovereign over the largest realm in Europe, made still larger by explorers and conquistadors who had claimed for Spain lands of the vast New World and beyond it as far as the Philippines.Charles was twenty-seven years old in 1527, not tall but well built, blond and blue eyed, with a long face, aquiline nose, and the thick lower lip that ran in his father’s family, the Habsburgs. When single, he had fathered an illegitimate daughter (Margaret of Parma), but now he was married to the beautiful, blond, twenty-four-year-old Portuguese princess Isabel, who was also his cousin (both were grandchildren of the late King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain). He had reneged on an agreement to marry Mary Tudor, the future queen of England, who was only a child at the time, so that he could wed Isabel.The wedding had been held in Seville on March 10, 1526, and the following August Isabel had become pregnant, a fact over which virtually the entire population of Spain, where the couple resided, apparently rejoiced, the birth of a royal heir being always a huge cause for celebration.The ninth month of Isabel’s pregnancy, May 1527, arrived with the fragrance of orange blossoms in the warm Castilian air but with international problems looming dangerously before Charles. If God in His mercy would grant him a son, a male heir to his empire and kingdoms, that advent would be such glad news to Charles that the gloomy clouds of threats from France and England and the pope might for a time be burst with brightness. Deeply serious about his Catholic faith (though not a friend of the pope), Charles doubtless was earnestly praying that Isabel would deliver a son, a successor, healthy and whole.About three o’clock in the morning of May 21, 1527, in the royal palace in Valladolid (then Spain’s capital), Isabel began a difficult labor, which she stoically endured, telling the midwife who attended her, “I may die, but I will not cry out.” Thirteen hours later, at four o’clock that afternoon, Isabel’s eagerly awaited baby arrived. Charles, who remained with his wife throughout her ordeal, had received the happy answer to his prayer. He was the father of a son.He took the infant in his arms, praying as he held him: “May our Lord God make you a good Christian. I beg our Lord God to give you His grace. May it please our Lord God to enlighten you, that you may know how to govern the Kingdom you shall inherit.”As news of the baby’s birth rippled out from the palace, church bells pealed in gleeful annunication, first in Valladolid, then in nearby towns and villages, then throughout the land. In Castile’s protective forts, cannons were fired in thunderous salute to the blessed event. Many of the country’s important persons, members of the royal court, noblemen, government officials, and high-ranking clergy, began making their way to the Valladolid palace to offer their congratulations and join the celebration.Charles, meanwhile, in a pouring rain that had come sweeping through Valladolid, made his way on foot from the palace to the Church of Saint Paul (San Pablo) to give thanks for the prayed-for blessing that God had bestowed upon him.Two weeks later, on Sunday, June 2, the royal infant was carried from the palace to the Church of Saint Paul, along a path scattered with rose petals and lemon and orange blossoms, to be baptized according to the Catholic tradition and to receive his name, one that history would forever remember. According to one account, many of those close to Charles wanted him to name the boy Fernando (Ferdinand), after the child’s famous great-grandfather. One of those closest to Charles, the duke of Alba, while standing at the baptismal font during the ceremony, went so far as to insist that Charles name him Fernando.Charles, however, had already made up his mind about what his son would be called and he couldn’t be dissuaded. The infant prince would be named for Charles’s father. He would be Philip, grandson of Philip the Handsome. And so was he baptized by the primate of Spain, the archbishop of Toledo, Don Alonso de Fonseca, who drew the baptismal water from a large silver font and pronounced the baby’s name. The child’s godparents were the duke of Bejar, who cradled the baby in his arms during the ceremony, and Charles’s older sister Eleanor, queen of France. Upon the infant’s baptism, a royal herald announced to the onlookers, “Oyd, oyd, oyd, Don Philipe, principe de Castilla por la gracia de Dios!”That solemn ceremony having been concluded, the us celebrations began, nights of banquets and days of feasts, celebratory bullfights and tournaments, jousts that featured some two hundred knights. Members of the royal court put aside other concerns and gave themselves to the celebration. “There is consequently a great lull in politics,” the ambassador from Bohemia wrote in an official report, “and the courtiers think of nothing save the rejoicings.”Within days, however, the festivities were abruptly aborted on receipt of alarming news from Italy. An army of Pope Clement VII, who had allied himself with the French king, Francis I, Charles’s hostile brother-in-law, had challenged Charles’s forces based in Milan. Charles’s army had brushed aside the challenge and, marching south on Rome, had assaulted the Vatican on May 6, 1527, and had sent the pope and his cardinals fleeing for their lives, the pope narrowly escaping capture or worse. Out of control after their commander had been killed in the assault, Charles’s troops, many of them German mercenaries, had, according to one report, slaughtered some six to eight thousand men of Rome and had sacked the city, leaving much of it in ruins. News of the peril to the pope and the atrocities committed against the capital of Christendom ignited a firestorm of outrage throughout Western Europe.Charles learned of the events about the middle of June and, persuaded that the festive mood was now inappropriate, he called off the celebrations of his son’s birth. Strong reaction to the atrocities in Rome had burst through Spain as it had done elsewhere in Europe. Defiantly denouncing Charles from their pulpits, many Spanish priests had demanded an end to the celebrations, and many of the members of Charles’s Spanish court who had been joyfully celebrating went into mourning over the deeds of their sovereign’s army.For the newborn prince it was an inauspicious beginning to his public life, which officially began when at age one year he was, on May 10, 1528, recognized as heir to the throne of Castile, Spain’s major province, by Castile’s legislature, the Cortes. The Cortes then also recognized Philip’s mother, the Empress Isabel, as regent whenever Charles was out of the country, which he soon would be. Isabel was likely thinking little about becoming regent, however. She was then pregnant with a second child, who was born on June 21, 1528, in Madrid and was named Maria.Deciding that he could no longer stay in Spain, that he needed to take charge of developing events in other parts of his realm, Charles set sail from Barcelona on July 27, 1529, when Philip was two years old. It was the last the boy would see of his father for nearly four years.There was no question of Isabel and the children going with Charles. Nine years earlier, in 1520, there had been a widespread rebellion in Spain against Charles, who was born and raised in Flanders and whom a great many in Spain considered an outsider. He had made some concessions to the rebels in the course of bringing the revolt to an end. The rebels, called comuneros, had asked Charles to spend more time in Castile and less time in other parts of his empire. They had also asked him to learn to speak Spanish. Further, they had asked him to marry a Portuguese princess. All of those things he had done. They had also asked that whatever children he had with the princess be brought up as Spaniards and be educated in Spain. Now, no doubt remembering the comunero revolt and the promises made, Charles left his young son and baby daughter in Spain with his wife as he sailed away to attend to his affairs outside Spain.Little Philip, fair skinned, blond haired, and blue eyed, was turned over by his mother to the care of a Portuguese nurse, Leonor Mascarenhas, for whom Philip developed a lasting affection. He managed to survive several childhood illnesses, all of which his mother, who kept a watchful eye on him, fretted over. “The prince my son is ill with fever,” she wrote to a friend during one of Philip’s sicknesses, “and though the illness is not dangerous it has me very worried and anxious.” Philip recovered, but three weeks later he fell sick again. “I’m very anxious,” Isabel wrote to her absent husband.The doings of the royal siblings were reported to their father in letters. “The infanta [Maria] grows bigger and fatter by the day,” the boy’s governor, Pedro González de Mendoza, wrote to Charles, “and the prince entertains her like a genteel gallant.” The prince also had other moments. “He is so mischievous that sometimes Her Majesty gets really angry,” another report reads. “She spanks him, and the women weep to see such severity.”1When Philip was seven years old, Charles appointed a tutor for him, forty-ei...

出版社	St. Martin
作者	Benton Rain Patterson