编辑推荐
国内外一般读者对甲骨文了解不多，特别是西方世界的认知远不及对埃及文、苏美文或玛雅文字来的普及。有关甲骨文的英文或其他外文著作，特别是普及性的书籍寥寥无几；即使是专门研究的英语书籍也屈指可数。本书出版正是填补这一空白。本书为国内第一部甲骨文双语释读专业读本，系中美两国甲骨文研究领域专家合作完成的研究著作。此前，未有类似的甲骨文著作在国内外研究领域出现。
作者简介
陈光宇，1946年生。美国新泽西州州立罗格斯大学东亚学系教授，罗格斯大学孔子学院董事。在罗格斯大学东亚系从事甲骨文教学及汉语起源研究。师从甲骨文学家金祥恒。发表《儿氏家谱刻辞之“子”与花东卜辞之“子”》（载《纪念王懿荣发现甲骨文110 周年国际学术研讨会论文集》，2009）、《世界四种古文字的起源时空与文字构造》（《古文字研究》，2008）、《商代多伯多臣与肉食者》（载《花园庄东地甲骨论丛》，2006）等多篇专论。宋镇豪，1949年生，历史学家。中国社会科学院研究员，中国社会科学院学部委员。享受国务院颁发的政府特殊津贴，中国社会科学院有突出贡献专家。第十一届全国政协委员。中国殷商文化学会副会长兼秘书长，中国先秦史学会副会长，中国社会科学院学部委员。主要学术专长是甲骨学及先秦史研究。
目录
前言 Foreword ...... 001
凡例 Explanatory Notes ...... 001
甲骨片名 Title 出處*（Source）
1 《月一正》 Gānzhī Cycle 24440 ...... 001
2 《受黍年》 The Millet Harvest 09950 ...... 006
3 《十五犬》 Fifteen Dogs 29537 ...... 014
4 《今一月雨》 Rain in the First Month 12487 ...... 018
5 《自東來雨》 Rain from the East 12870 ...... 024
6 《旦至食日》 From Daybreak to Morning T624 ...... 027
7 《三嗇雲》 Tricolored Clouds 13399 ...... 031
8 《有大雨》 Heavy Rain 30048 ...... 035
9 《遘大風》 Encounter Gusty Wind 30238 ...... 038
10 《大驟風》 Strong Gale 00137 ...... 041
11 《出虹》 Rainbow Appears 10406 ...... 045
12 《辛大啟》 Xīn Day Brightened Up 30190 ...... 049
13 《晹日》 Changing Date 13271 ...... 053
14 《東方曰析》 East is Called Xī 14294 ...... 056
15 《禘于北方》 Performing Dì- Ritual to Northern Fāng 14295 ...... 061
16 《燎于東母》 Burnt Offering to the East Mother 14340 ...... 066
17 《新大星》 New Big Star 11503 ...... 070
18 《鳥星》 Bird Star 11497 ...... 074
19 《日月有食》 Eclipse of Sun and Moon 33694 ...... 079
20 《旬亡禍》 Xún No Disaster 11482 ...... 084
21 《月有食》 Moon was Eclipsed 11485 ...... 088
22 《夕風》 Night Wind 13338 ...... 091
23 《立中無風》 Flag Shows No Wind 07369 ...... 096
24 《寧風》 Pacifying Wind 34138 ...... 099
25 《壱品》 Wine Libation and Bundle Ceremony 32384 ...... 102
26 《十示率》 Ten Shì with Rams 32385 ...... 106
27 《自上甲至于多毓》 From Shàng Ji. to Duō Hòu 37836 ...... 110
28 《十示又三》 Ten and Three Shì 34117 ...... 115
29 《甲戌翌上甲》 Yì-Ritual for Shàng Ji. on ji.xū 35406 ...... 118
30 《大乙奭妣丙》 King Dà Y. with Queen B. B.ng 36194 ...... 121
31 《又歲于兄己》 Ceremonial Yòu Suì for Brother J. 27615 ...... 124
32 《王亥上甲即于河》 Arrived at Temple of Hé 34294 ...... 127
33 《燎于河王亥上甲》 Liáo for Hé, Wáng Hài, and Shàng Ji. 01182 ...... 130
34 《侑于唐》 Yòu-Ritual for Táng 01273 ...... 133
35 《燎于夒》 Liáo-Ritual for Náo 14369 ...... 136
36 《高祖夒》 High Ancestor Náo 30398 ...... 140
37 《燎于蔑》 Liáo-Ritual for Miè 14804 ...... 143
38 《侑于王恒》 Yòu-Ritual for Wáng Héng 14762 ...... 145
39 《燎土豕》 Liáo-Ritual for T. with Pig 34185 ...... 147
40 《侑于黄尹》 Yòu-Ritual for Huáng Y.n 00563 ...... 150
41 《侑于伊尹》 Yòu-Ritual for Yī Y.n 34192 ...... 153
42 《射以羌》 Shè Téng Takes Qiāng 32023 ...... 156
43 《沉三羊》 Sinking Three Sheep 05522 ...... 161
44 《武乙宗祊》 Bēng at W. Y. Temple 36076 ...... 164
45 《侑父丁》 Yòu Father Dīng 32054 ...... 167
46 《翌日劦日燧日》 Three Rì Rituals 32714 ...... 170
47 《自上甲縁》 J. from King Shàng Ji. 32212 ...... 173
48 《侑出日侑入日》 Yòu-Ritual for Sun ZX543 ...... 178
49 《于妣庚禦婦好》 Exorcise Lady Hǎo Against Bǐ Gēng 02617 ...... 182
50 《箙旋禦》 Exorcise Fú Xuán 00301 ...... 185
51 《瀦羌》 Shí Qiāng 00466 ...... 188
52 《高祖王亥》 High Ancestor Wáng Hài 32083 ...... 191
53 《祭》 Jì Cái Xié Rituals 41704 ...... 195
54 《工典其幼》 Ceremonial Codex Presentation 35756 ...... 201
55 《侵我西鄙田》 Raid My West Border Field 06057 ...... 206
56 《王比望乘伐下危》 King Forms Alliance with Wàng Chéng 00032 ...... 214
57 《下上弗若》 Earth and Heaven Not Agreeable 06316 ...... 221
58 《王征盂方伯炎》 Expedition Against Marquis Yán of Yúfāng 36509 ...... 224
59 《在齊次》 Stationed at Qí 36493 ...... 228
60 《王來征人方》 The King Came to Attack Rénfāng 36484 ...... 231
61 《王往伐》 The King Went to Attack Gōngfāng 06209 ...... 235
62 《呼視方》 Reconnaissance about Gōngfāng 06167 ...... 240
63 《共人五千》 Supply Five Thousand Men 06409 ...... 244
64 《沚稱册》 Zh. Guó Presented Codex 06401 ...... 247
65 《王循伐土方》 Shock and Awe Against Tǔfāng 06399 ...... 251
66 《王作三師右中左》 The King Established Three Divisions 33006 ...... 254
67 《令王族追召方》 Command Royal Clan to Chase Zhàofāng 33017 ...... 257
68 《三族》 Three Clans 32815 ...... 261
69 《今夕師無震》 No Commotion This Evening 34720 ...... 264
70 《雉王眾》 Display Royal Troop 26879 ...... 267
71 《在澅犬中告麋》 Officer Zhōng Reported Elk 27902 ...... 272
72 《田于雞》 Hunting at Jī 37471 ...... 276
73 《之日狩》 A Day of Hunting 10198 ...... 279
74 《往來亡災》 Safe Hunting Trip 37379 ...... 284
75 《獲象》 Elephant Captured 10222 ...... 288
76 《獲鹿六》 Six Deer Captured 37408 ...... 291
77 《逐兕》 Chased Rhinoceros 10398 ...... 295
78 《擒七兕》 Seven Rhinos Captured 33374 ...... 298
79 《子央亦墜》 Zǐ Yāng Fell 10405 ...... 301
80 《王往狩》 King Went Hunting 10939 ...... 307
81 《獲杓八》 Eight Peacock Captured 09572 ...... 311
82 《遘大雨》 Encountered Heavy Rain 37646 ...... 314
83 《獲大嵐虎》 Big Tiger Captured 37848 ...... 317
84 《省牛于敦》 Inspecting Cattle at Dūn 11171 ...... 321
85 《往延魚》 Continuing Fishing 12921 ...... 326
86 《獲魚三萬》 Thirty Thousands Fish Captured 10471 ...... 330
87 《逐岼麋》 Chase Deer of Shuǐ 28789 ...... 332
88 《東土受年》 East Land Received Harvest 36975 ...... 335
89 《我受黍年》 We Received Millet Harvest 10094 ...... 339
90 《岳河夒》 Yuè Hé Náo 10076 ...... 342
91 《寧秋于.》 Calming Locust at Deity Sǔn 32028 ...... 344
92 《弗其足年》 Not Having Abundant Harvest 10139 ...... 348
93 《王令多尹繽田》 King Orders Opening Land 33209 ...... 352
94 《田》 Plowing Jointly 00001 ...... 356
95 《省黍》 Crop Inspection 09612 ...... 359
96 《求生于妣庚妣丙》 Pray for Childbearing 34081 ...... 362
97 《婦好娩》 Fù Hǎo Gave Birth 12 ...... 365
98 《疾齒》 Toothache 13648 ...... 369
99 《疾鼻》 Nose Pain 11506 ...... 372
100 《方其蕩于東》 Fāng Swayed from the East 20619 ...... 375
101 《王》 King’s Inspectional Campaign 36537 ...... 378
102 《王作邑》 King Established Settlement 14200 ...... 383
103 《帝咎兹邑》 Dì Damaged This Settlement 14211 ...... 386
104 《帝終兹邑》 Dì Terminated This Settlement 14210 ...... 389
105 《益寺衷》 Adding Lù Q. 05458 ...... 393
106 《旨載王事》 Zhǐ Managed Royal Affairs 05478 ...... 396
107 《西使旨》 West Minister Zhǐ 05637 ...... 399
108 《璞周》 Mining the Ore 06812 ...... 403
109 《王省》 Royal Inspection 36361 ...... 407
110 《王其省喪田》 Inspect the Sàng Field 28971 ...... 410
111 《今日步于樂》 Today Perambulate at Lè 36501 ...... 414
112 《其有來聞》 Coming News 01075 ...... 418
113 《惟美奏》 Music Performance 31022 ...... 422
114 《王入于商》 The King Enters the Shāng 07780 ...... 426
115 《祊西饗》 Banquet at West Temple-Gate 23340 ...... 431
116 《唯丁自征卲》 The Dīng Personally Attack Shào H3 449 ...... 435
117 《歲祖甲》 Suì Ancestor Zǔ Jiǎ H3 007 ...... 438
118 《其宜羊》 Sheep for the Yí-Ritual H3 421 ...... 441
119 《王其逐》 The King Chased H11:113 ...... 444
120 《寧鳳于四方》 To Calm Wind at Four Corners* ...... 446
?
附録 一 字彙表 Appendix 1 Vocabulary List ...... 449
附録二 參考書目 Appendix 2 References and Bibliography ...... 468
附録三 干支次序表、干支表 Appendix 3 Gānzhī Table（Table of Sixty Day Cycle） ...... 470
附録四 卜辭所見商王世系與文獻
所見商王世系 Appendix 4 Shāng King List ...... 471
附録五 周祭表 Appendix 5 Five-Ritual Cycle ...... 473
附録六 甲骨文簡介 Appendix 6 Brief Introduction to Oracle Bone Inscriptions ...... 474
附録七 世界四種起源文字簡介 Appendix 7 Brief Introduction to Four Original Writings ...... 480
序言
前 言
殷墟甲骨文發現于 1899 年，至今已有一個多世紀。它的發現證實了商代的存在，使商代的歷史變得更加真切和清晰。據目前所得考古資料，甲骨文是中國漢字的最早源頭。甲骨文與兩河流域的蘇美爾楔形文字（Sumerian Cuneiform System），尼羅河流域的埃及聖書體文字（Egyptian Hieroglyphic System）及中美洲的奥梅克—瑪雅文字（Olmec-Maya Hieroglyphic System）並列爲人類史上出現過的四個獨立起源文字系統。這四種獨立起源文字（或稱自源文字），都是形、音、義並存的形符文字（或稱表意文字）（logographic writing）。蘇美爾與埃及文字是拼音文字之先河，漢字則是東亞文明的奠基石。除了漢字外，其他三種古文字早已成爲死文字。
在人類歷史上，漢字是使用者人數最多的文字。從商代甲骨文算起，漢字已經被連續使用 3500 年之久，是人類歷史上使用時間最長的文字。然而相對於其他的起源文字，國内外一般讀者對甲骨文瞭解不多，特别是西方世界的認知遠不及對埃及文、蘇美爾文或瑪雅文字來得普及。筆者在歐美書店可見到許多介紹埃及、蘇美爾、瑪雅文字的書籍，但是有關甲骨文的英文或其他外文著作，特别是普及性的書籍寥寥無幾；即使是專門研究的英語書籍也屈指可數，例如吉德煒（David N. Keightley） 的 Sources of Shang History（1978，1985）、The Ancestral Landscape （2000）、Working for His Majesty（2012） 及 高 嶋 謙 一（Ken-ichi Takashima） 的 Studies of Fascicle Three of Inscriptions from the Yin Ruins（2010）。鑒於漢字在人類歷史上的特殊地位及在國際範圍推廣漢字認知教學的重要，甲骨文認讀的這一塊空白在國内外都有待填補。
筆者在台灣大學時曾從金祥恒師習甲骨文，在耶魯讀研究所時，有幸得從張光直、饒
宗頤兩位先生請益切磋古史。最近數年承涂經詒教授相邀得以在新澤西州立羅格斯大學東
亞系開課以英語教授甲骨文及漢字起源。除了識讀甲骨文外，也涉及四種獨立起源文字的
比較。由於缺乏認讀甲骨文字的合適英語課本，所以採用自己編的手寫教材，教學方式採
取當年金先生的方法：讀片子。本書即基於這些教材編寫而成。此書可作爲以英語教授甲
骨文字的課本，也適於自學甲骨文之用。希望更多國内外人士藉由對甲骨文字的認知而對
中國上古文明産生興趣。
本書編寫過程中，筆者的學生安馬修（Matthew Anderson）將卜辭以甲骨文字體在電
腦顯示，並整理字彙表，及英文的轉録、翻譯。郅曉娜博士負責甲骨片的摹寫。本書的編
寫，承吉林大學林澐教授屢次撥冗解疑。羅格斯大學詹富國（Dietrich Tschanz）教授閲讀
英文稿。中國社會科學院歷史所先秦史研究室宋鎮豪教授提供寶貴意見，劉源博士仔細審
閲全部中文稿，並全程參與編纂工作。在此表示衷心謝意。書中錯誤，在所難免，希望讀
者不吝指教。最後要感謝内人劉貽章教授的支持與鼓勵。
陳光宇
Foreword
The discovery of inscribed oracle bones and shells in 1899 and subsequent identification of
Yīnxū, the ruins of the last Shāng Capital located near ānyáng, Hénán, proved to be a watershed
for Early China studies, as these inscriptions represent the most archaic form of Chinese writing
（more precisely hànzì 漢字）and the earliest documentary source in China. Almost all of these
documents belong to the royal house of late Shāng Dynasty（~1300 to 1100 bce）
. These documents survived for so long because they were engraved on animal bones（mostly bovine scapula）and turtle shells（plastron or carapace）, hence the name ‘oracle bone inscriptions’（OBI）or, in Chinese, jiǎgǔwén（甲骨文）, literally ‘shell bone writing’. The inscriptions engraved on undreds of thousands of bones and shells provide the most precious source for studying early Chinese history. It was based on OBI that Wáng Guówéi（王國維）, one of the most eminent Chinese scholars of the early 20th century, was able to identify names of Shāng kings and ascertain the historicity of the figures previously thought to be legendary. By doing so, Wáng confirmed the authenticity of the Shāng history as written by Sīmǎ Qiān（145—86 bce）in the Shǐjì（《史記》 , The Records of Grand Historian）.
Oracle bone inscription（OBI）, the earliest from of Chinese, together with Egyptian, Mayan, and Sumerian constitute the four writing systems independently invented in human history. All four primary writings are logographic in nature. Among them, only Chinese writing system survives and remains logographic. The study of OBI not only plays a pivotal role in connecting the archeological data to the transmitted textual tradition in China, it is also of great import to the comparative study of origin of writing systems and civilizations. Despite this, OBI has not garnered the attention and popularity in the western world that Egyptian hieroglyphs, Sumerian cuneiform, and Mayan glyph have long enjoyed. In fact, there are only a very few scholarly books in English that focus on OBI（e.g. Sources of Shāng History, 1978, 1985； The Ancestral Landscape, 2000； Working for His Majesty, 2012； written by David Keightley, University of California, Berkeley, and Studies of Fascicle Three of Inscriptions from the Yin Ruins, 2010, by Ken-ichi Takashima, University of British Columbia）and there are virtually no books for the general public in the West to learn about OBI. This can be contrasted with the tens or even hundreds of books on Mayan and Egyptian hieroglyphs and civilizations found on online book selling sites such as .com.
The author has had the fortune to learn OBI in college and in graduate school from several leading Shāng scholars, including the late Professors Jīn Xiánghéng（金祥恒 , National Taiwan University）, Chang Kwang-chi（張 光 直 , Zhāng Guāngzhí, Yale University）and Professor JaoTsung-I（饒宗頤 , Ráo Zōngyí, Yale University）. The author has offered a course on OBI （Chinese 165:424, Origin and Development of Chinese Writing）in the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures at Rutgers University, New Jersey for many years. The course material forms the basis of this book. The main body of this book is a collection of 120 pieces of rubbings （tàběn 拓本）, mainly from the corpus of Jiǎgǔwén Héjí（《甲骨文合集》）, that contain inscriptions covering a wide array of topics including weather, astronomy, kingship, sacrificial ceremonies, rituals, agriculture, hunting, military campaigns and politics. Each rubbing is accompanied by a clear tracing（móběn 摹本）, which will be helpful in case the graphs on rubbing are not clearly legible. The direct graph-to-graph transcription, both in digital OBI font and in archaic Chinese script（or lìdìng 隸定） , will help the reader to become familiar with the sequence and direction of reading OBI on the rubbings. Transliteration from OBI graph to English is also provided； so that, by comparing this transliteration with the English translation the reader can appreciate the grammar and sentence structure of archaic Chinese. Finally, translation and annotations are provided in Chinese and in English.
The book is intended to benefit both scholars and lay public who are interested in East Asian civilizations in general and Early China in particular. Readers can use this book to get acquainted with the writing of OBI graphs, just like students learn Mayan or Egyptian hieroglyphs from reading original scripts. In light of the lack of books in English for the study of OBI, it is hoped that this book will fill the need for an accessible introduction to the subject.
During the preparation of this book, I have greatly benefited by discussions with Professors Lín Yún, Jílín University, and Sòng Zhènháo, Institute of History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. I am grateful to Dr. Liú Yuán, who has read the Chinese portion of the manuscript, and to Professor Dietrich Tschanz, Rutgers University, who has read and commented on the English part of the manuscript. Both Sòng Zhènháo and Liú Yuán have participated the project from its inception. Dr. Matthew Anderson, a student in my 2006 OBI class, helped with the transcription （OBI font, Chinese and English）and did most of the English translation of the inscriptions. Dr. Zhì Xiǎonà, a student of Professor Sòng, did the tracing work. Without their help, the book could not have been accomplished. It goes without saying that I am solely responsible for any remaining mistakes, big or small. Finally I wish to thank my wife, Alice Liu, for her continuous support and understanding.
Kuang Yu Chen
国内外一般读者对甲骨文了解不多，特别是西方世界的认知远不及对埃及文、苏美文或玛雅文字来的普及。有关甲骨文的英文或其他外文著作，特别是普及性的书籍寥寥无几；即使是专门研究的英语书籍也屈指可数。本书出版正是填补这一空白。本书为国内第一部甲骨文双语释读专业读本，系中美两国甲骨文研究领域专家合作完成的研究著作。此前，未有类似的甲骨文著作在国内外研究领域出现。
作者简介
陈光宇，1946年生。美国新泽西州州立罗格斯大学东亚学系教授，罗格斯大学孔子学院董事。在罗格斯大学东亚系从事甲骨文教学及汉语起源研究。师从甲骨文学家金祥恒。发表《儿氏家谱刻辞之“子”与花东卜辞之“子”》（载《纪念王懿荣发现甲骨文110 周年国际学术研讨会论文集》，2009）、《世界四种古文字的起源时空与文字构造》（《古文字研究》，2008）、《商代多伯多臣与肉食者》（载《花园庄东地甲骨论丛》，2006）等多篇专论。宋镇豪，1949年生，历史学家。中国社会科学院研究员，中国社会科学院学部委员。享受国务院颁发的政府特殊津贴，中国社会科学院有突出贡献专家。第十一届全国政协委员。中国殷商文化学会副会长兼秘书长，中国先秦史学会副会长，中国社会科学院学部委员。主要学术专长是甲骨学及先秦史研究。
目录
前言 Foreword ...... 001
凡例 Explanatory Notes ...... 001
甲骨片名 Title 出處*（Source）
1 《月一正》 Gānzhī Cycle 24440 ...... 001
2 《受黍年》 The Millet Harvest 09950 ...... 006
3 《十五犬》 Fifteen Dogs 29537 ...... 014
4 《今一月雨》 Rain in the First Month 12487 ...... 018
5 《自東來雨》 Rain from the East 12870 ...... 024
6 《旦至食日》 From Daybreak to Morning T624 ...... 027
7 《三嗇雲》 Tricolored Clouds 13399 ...... 031
8 《有大雨》 Heavy Rain 30048 ...... 035
9 《遘大風》 Encounter Gusty Wind 30238 ...... 038
10 《大驟風》 Strong Gale 00137 ...... 041
11 《出虹》 Rainbow Appears 10406 ...... 045
12 《辛大啟》 Xīn Day Brightened Up 30190 ...... 049
13 《晹日》 Changing Date 13271 ...... 053
14 《東方曰析》 East is Called Xī 14294 ...... 056
15 《禘于北方》 Performing Dì- Ritual to Northern Fāng 14295 ...... 061
16 《燎于東母》 Burnt Offering to the East Mother 14340 ...... 066
17 《新大星》 New Big Star 11503 ...... 070
18 《鳥星》 Bird Star 11497 ...... 074
19 《日月有食》 Eclipse of Sun and Moon 33694 ...... 079
20 《旬亡禍》 Xún No Disaster 11482 ...... 084
21 《月有食》 Moon was Eclipsed 11485 ...... 088
22 《夕風》 Night Wind 13338 ...... 091
23 《立中無風》 Flag Shows No Wind 07369 ...... 096
24 《寧風》 Pacifying Wind 34138 ...... 099
25 《壱品》 Wine Libation and Bundle Ceremony 32384 ...... 102
26 《十示率》 Ten Shì with Rams 32385 ...... 106
27 《自上甲至于多毓》 From Shàng Ji. to Duō Hòu 37836 ...... 110
28 《十示又三》 Ten and Three Shì 34117 ...... 115
29 《甲戌翌上甲》 Yì-Ritual for Shàng Ji. on ji.xū 35406 ...... 118
30 《大乙奭妣丙》 King Dà Y. with Queen B. B.ng 36194 ...... 121
31 《又歲于兄己》 Ceremonial Yòu Suì for Brother J. 27615 ...... 124
32 《王亥上甲即于河》 Arrived at Temple of Hé 34294 ...... 127
33 《燎于河王亥上甲》 Liáo for Hé, Wáng Hài, and Shàng Ji. 01182 ...... 130
34 《侑于唐》 Yòu-Ritual for Táng 01273 ...... 133
35 《燎于夒》 Liáo-Ritual for Náo 14369 ...... 136
36 《高祖夒》 High Ancestor Náo 30398 ...... 140
37 《燎于蔑》 Liáo-Ritual for Miè 14804 ...... 143
38 《侑于王恒》 Yòu-Ritual for Wáng Héng 14762 ...... 145
39 《燎土豕》 Liáo-Ritual for T. with Pig 34185 ...... 147
40 《侑于黄尹》 Yòu-Ritual for Huáng Y.n 00563 ...... 150
41 《侑于伊尹》 Yòu-Ritual for Yī Y.n 34192 ...... 153
42 《射以羌》 Shè Téng Takes Qiāng 32023 ...... 156
43 《沉三羊》 Sinking Three Sheep 05522 ...... 161
44 《武乙宗祊》 Bēng at W. Y. Temple 36076 ...... 164
45 《侑父丁》 Yòu Father Dīng 32054 ...... 167
46 《翌日劦日燧日》 Three Rì Rituals 32714 ...... 170
47 《自上甲縁》 J. from King Shàng Ji. 32212 ...... 173
48 《侑出日侑入日》 Yòu-Ritual for Sun ZX543 ...... 178
49 《于妣庚禦婦好》 Exorcise Lady Hǎo Against Bǐ Gēng 02617 ...... 182
50 《箙旋禦》 Exorcise Fú Xuán 00301 ...... 185
51 《瀦羌》 Shí Qiāng 00466 ...... 188
52 《高祖王亥》 High Ancestor Wáng Hài 32083 ...... 191
53 《祭》 Jì Cái Xié Rituals 41704 ...... 195
54 《工典其幼》 Ceremonial Codex Presentation 35756 ...... 201
55 《侵我西鄙田》 Raid My West Border Field 06057 ...... 206
56 《王比望乘伐下危》 King Forms Alliance with Wàng Chéng 00032 ...... 214
57 《下上弗若》 Earth and Heaven Not Agreeable 06316 ...... 221
58 《王征盂方伯炎》 Expedition Against Marquis Yán of Yúfāng 36509 ...... 224
59 《在齊次》 Stationed at Qí 36493 ...... 228
60 《王來征人方》 The King Came to Attack Rénfāng 36484 ...... 231
61 《王往伐》 The King Went to Attack Gōngfāng 06209 ...... 235
62 《呼視方》 Reconnaissance about Gōngfāng 06167 ...... 240
63 《共人五千》 Supply Five Thousand Men 06409 ...... 244
64 《沚稱册》 Zh. Guó Presented Codex 06401 ...... 247
65 《王循伐土方》 Shock and Awe Against Tǔfāng 06399 ...... 251
66 《王作三師右中左》 The King Established Three Divisions 33006 ...... 254
67 《令王族追召方》 Command Royal Clan to Chase Zhàofāng 33017 ...... 257
68 《三族》 Three Clans 32815 ...... 261
69 《今夕師無震》 No Commotion This Evening 34720 ...... 264
70 《雉王眾》 Display Royal Troop 26879 ...... 267
71 《在澅犬中告麋》 Officer Zhōng Reported Elk 27902 ...... 272
72 《田于雞》 Hunting at Jī 37471 ...... 276
73 《之日狩》 A Day of Hunting 10198 ...... 279
74 《往來亡災》 Safe Hunting Trip 37379 ...... 284
75 《獲象》 Elephant Captured 10222 ...... 288
76 《獲鹿六》 Six Deer Captured 37408 ...... 291
77 《逐兕》 Chased Rhinoceros 10398 ...... 295
78 《擒七兕》 Seven Rhinos Captured 33374 ...... 298
79 《子央亦墜》 Zǐ Yāng Fell 10405 ...... 301
80 《王往狩》 King Went Hunting 10939 ...... 307
81 《獲杓八》 Eight Peacock Captured 09572 ...... 311
82 《遘大雨》 Encountered Heavy Rain 37646 ...... 314
83 《獲大嵐虎》 Big Tiger Captured 37848 ...... 317
84 《省牛于敦》 Inspecting Cattle at Dūn 11171 ...... 321
85 《往延魚》 Continuing Fishing 12921 ...... 326
86 《獲魚三萬》 Thirty Thousands Fish Captured 10471 ...... 330
87 《逐岼麋》 Chase Deer of Shuǐ 28789 ...... 332
88 《東土受年》 East Land Received Harvest 36975 ...... 335
89 《我受黍年》 We Received Millet Harvest 10094 ...... 339
90 《岳河夒》 Yuè Hé Náo 10076 ...... 342
91 《寧秋于.》 Calming Locust at Deity Sǔn 32028 ...... 344
92 《弗其足年》 Not Having Abundant Harvest 10139 ...... 348
93 《王令多尹繽田》 King Orders Opening Land 33209 ...... 352
94 《田》 Plowing Jointly 00001 ...... 356
95 《省黍》 Crop Inspection 09612 ...... 359
96 《求生于妣庚妣丙》 Pray for Childbearing 34081 ...... 362
97 《婦好娩》 Fù Hǎo Gave Birth 12 ...... 365
98 《疾齒》 Toothache 13648 ...... 369
99 《疾鼻》 Nose Pain 11506 ...... 372
100 《方其蕩于東》 Fāng Swayed from the East 20619 ...... 375
101 《王》 King’s Inspectional Campaign 36537 ...... 378
102 《王作邑》 King Established Settlement 14200 ...... 383
103 《帝咎兹邑》 Dì Damaged This Settlement 14211 ...... 386
104 《帝終兹邑》 Dì Terminated This Settlement 14210 ...... 389
105 《益寺衷》 Adding Lù Q. 05458 ...... 393
106 《旨載王事》 Zhǐ Managed Royal Affairs 05478 ...... 396
107 《西使旨》 West Minister Zhǐ 05637 ...... 399
108 《璞周》 Mining the Ore 06812 ...... 403
109 《王省》 Royal Inspection 36361 ...... 407
110 《王其省喪田》 Inspect the Sàng Field 28971 ...... 410
111 《今日步于樂》 Today Perambulate at Lè 36501 ...... 414
112 《其有來聞》 Coming News 01075 ...... 418
113 《惟美奏》 Music Performance 31022 ...... 422
114 《王入于商》 The King Enters the Shāng 07780 ...... 426
115 《祊西饗》 Banquet at West Temple-Gate 23340 ...... 431
116 《唯丁自征卲》 The Dīng Personally Attack Shào H3 449 ...... 435
117 《歲祖甲》 Suì Ancestor Zǔ Jiǎ H3 007 ...... 438
118 《其宜羊》 Sheep for the Yí-Ritual H3 421 ...... 441
119 《王其逐》 The King Chased H11:113 ...... 444
120 《寧鳳于四方》 To Calm Wind at Four Corners* ...... 446
?
附録 一 字彙表 Appendix 1 Vocabulary List ...... 449
附録二 參考書目 Appendix 2 References and Bibliography ...... 468
附録三 干支次序表、干支表 Appendix 3 Gānzhī Table（Table of Sixty Day Cycle） ...... 470
附録四 卜辭所見商王世系與文獻
所見商王世系 Appendix 4 Shāng King List ...... 471
附録五 周祭表 Appendix 5 Five-Ritual Cycle ...... 473
附録六 甲骨文簡介 Appendix 6 Brief Introduction to Oracle Bone Inscriptions ...... 474
附録七 世界四種起源文字簡介 Appendix 7 Brief Introduction to Four Original Writings ...... 480
序言
前 言
殷墟甲骨文發現于 1899 年，至今已有一個多世紀。它的發現證實了商代的存在，使商代的歷史變得更加真切和清晰。據目前所得考古資料，甲骨文是中國漢字的最早源頭。甲骨文與兩河流域的蘇美爾楔形文字（Sumerian Cuneiform System），尼羅河流域的埃及聖書體文字（Egyptian Hieroglyphic System）及中美洲的奥梅克—瑪雅文字（Olmec-Maya Hieroglyphic System）並列爲人類史上出現過的四個獨立起源文字系統。這四種獨立起源文字（或稱自源文字），都是形、音、義並存的形符文字（或稱表意文字）（logographic writing）。蘇美爾與埃及文字是拼音文字之先河，漢字則是東亞文明的奠基石。除了漢字外，其他三種古文字早已成爲死文字。
在人類歷史上，漢字是使用者人數最多的文字。從商代甲骨文算起，漢字已經被連續使用 3500 年之久，是人類歷史上使用時間最長的文字。然而相對於其他的起源文字，國内外一般讀者對甲骨文瞭解不多，特别是西方世界的認知遠不及對埃及文、蘇美爾文或瑪雅文字來得普及。筆者在歐美書店可見到許多介紹埃及、蘇美爾、瑪雅文字的書籍，但是有關甲骨文的英文或其他外文著作，特别是普及性的書籍寥寥無幾；即使是專門研究的英語書籍也屈指可數，例如吉德煒（David N. Keightley） 的 Sources of Shang History（1978，1985）、The Ancestral Landscape （2000）、Working for His Majesty（2012） 及 高 嶋 謙 一（Ken-ichi Takashima） 的 Studies of Fascicle Three of Inscriptions from the Yin Ruins（2010）。鑒於漢字在人類歷史上的特殊地位及在國際範圍推廣漢字認知教學的重要，甲骨文認讀的這一塊空白在國内外都有待填補。
筆者在台灣大學時曾從金祥恒師習甲骨文，在耶魯讀研究所時，有幸得從張光直、饒
宗頤兩位先生請益切磋古史。最近數年承涂經詒教授相邀得以在新澤西州立羅格斯大學東
亞系開課以英語教授甲骨文及漢字起源。除了識讀甲骨文外，也涉及四種獨立起源文字的
比較。由於缺乏認讀甲骨文字的合適英語課本，所以採用自己編的手寫教材，教學方式採
取當年金先生的方法：讀片子。本書即基於這些教材編寫而成。此書可作爲以英語教授甲
骨文字的課本，也適於自學甲骨文之用。希望更多國内外人士藉由對甲骨文字的認知而對
中國上古文明産生興趣。
本書編寫過程中，筆者的學生安馬修（Matthew Anderson）將卜辭以甲骨文字體在電
腦顯示，並整理字彙表，及英文的轉録、翻譯。郅曉娜博士負責甲骨片的摹寫。本書的編
寫，承吉林大學林澐教授屢次撥冗解疑。羅格斯大學詹富國（Dietrich Tschanz）教授閲讀
英文稿。中國社會科學院歷史所先秦史研究室宋鎮豪教授提供寶貴意見，劉源博士仔細審
閲全部中文稿，並全程參與編纂工作。在此表示衷心謝意。書中錯誤，在所難免，希望讀
者不吝指教。最後要感謝内人劉貽章教授的支持與鼓勵。
陳光宇
Foreword
The discovery of inscribed oracle bones and shells in 1899 and subsequent identification of
Yīnxū, the ruins of the last Shāng Capital located near ānyáng, Hénán, proved to be a watershed
for Early China studies, as these inscriptions represent the most archaic form of Chinese writing
（more precisely hànzì 漢字）and the earliest documentary source in China. Almost all of these
documents belong to the royal house of late Shāng Dynasty（~1300 to 1100 bce）
. These documents survived for so long because they were engraved on animal bones（mostly bovine scapula）and turtle shells（plastron or carapace）, hence the name ‘oracle bone inscriptions’（OBI）or, in Chinese, jiǎgǔwén（甲骨文）, literally ‘shell bone writing’. The inscriptions engraved on undreds of thousands of bones and shells provide the most precious source for studying early Chinese history. It was based on OBI that Wáng Guówéi（王國維）, one of the most eminent Chinese scholars of the early 20th century, was able to identify names of Shāng kings and ascertain the historicity of the figures previously thought to be legendary. By doing so, Wáng confirmed the authenticity of the Shāng history as written by Sīmǎ Qiān（145—86 bce）in the Shǐjì（《史記》 , The Records of Grand Historian）.
Oracle bone inscription（OBI）, the earliest from of Chinese, together with Egyptian, Mayan, and Sumerian constitute the four writing systems independently invented in human history. All four primary writings are logographic in nature. Among them, only Chinese writing system survives and remains logographic. The study of OBI not only plays a pivotal role in connecting the archeological data to the transmitted textual tradition in China, it is also of great import to the comparative study of origin of writing systems and civilizations. Despite this, OBI has not garnered the attention and popularity in the western world that Egyptian hieroglyphs, Sumerian cuneiform, and Mayan glyph have long enjoyed. In fact, there are only a very few scholarly books in English that focus on OBI（e.g. Sources of Shāng History, 1978, 1985； The Ancestral Landscape, 2000； Working for His Majesty, 2012； written by David Keightley, University of California, Berkeley, and Studies of Fascicle Three of Inscriptions from the Yin Ruins, 2010, by Ken-ichi Takashima, University of British Columbia）and there are virtually no books for the general public in the West to learn about OBI. This can be contrasted with the tens or even hundreds of books on Mayan and Egyptian hieroglyphs and civilizations found on online book selling sites such as .com.
The author has had the fortune to learn OBI in college and in graduate school from several leading Shāng scholars, including the late Professors Jīn Xiánghéng（金祥恒 , National Taiwan University）, Chang Kwang-chi（張 光 直 , Zhāng Guāngzhí, Yale University）and Professor JaoTsung-I（饒宗頤 , Ráo Zōngyí, Yale University）. The author has offered a course on OBI （Chinese 165:424, Origin and Development of Chinese Writing）in the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures at Rutgers University, New Jersey for many years. The course material forms the basis of this book. The main body of this book is a collection of 120 pieces of rubbings （tàběn 拓本）, mainly from the corpus of Jiǎgǔwén Héjí（《甲骨文合集》）, that contain inscriptions covering a wide array of topics including weather, astronomy, kingship, sacrificial ceremonies, rituals, agriculture, hunting, military campaigns and politics. Each rubbing is accompanied by a clear tracing（móběn 摹本）, which will be helpful in case the graphs on rubbing are not clearly legible. The direct graph-to-graph transcription, both in digital OBI font and in archaic Chinese script（or lìdìng 隸定） , will help the reader to become familiar with the sequence and direction of reading OBI on the rubbings. Transliteration from OBI graph to English is also provided； so that, by comparing this transliteration with the English translation the reader can appreciate the grammar and sentence structure of archaic Chinese. Finally, translation and annotations are provided in Chinese and in English.
The book is intended to benefit both scholars and lay public who are interested in East Asian civilizations in general and Early China in particular. Readers can use this book to get acquainted with the writing of OBI graphs, just like students learn Mayan or Egyptian hieroglyphs from reading original scripts. In light of the lack of books in English for the study of OBI, it is hoped that this book will fill the need for an accessible introduction to the subject.
During the preparation of this book, I have greatly benefited by discussions with Professors Lín Yún, Jílín University, and Sòng Zhènháo, Institute of History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. I am grateful to Dr. Liú Yuán, who has read the Chinese portion of the manuscript, and to Professor Dietrich Tschanz, Rutgers University, who has read and commented on the English part of the manuscript. Both Sòng Zhènháo and Liú Yuán have participated the project from its inception. Dr. Matthew Anderson, a student in my 2006 OBI class, helped with the transcription （OBI font, Chinese and English）and did most of the English translation of the inscriptions. Dr. Zhì Xiǎonà, a student of Professor Sòng, did the tracing work. Without their help, the book could not have been accomplished. It goes without saying that I am solely responsible for any remaining mistakes, big or small. Finally I wish to thank my wife, Alice Liu, for her continuous support and understanding.
Kuang Yu Chen
| ISBN | 9787208140868 |
|---|---|
| 出版社 | 上海人民出版社 |
| 作者 | 陈光宇 |
| 尺寸 | 16 |