编辑推荐
《民航机务专业英语（第3版）》是在总结已有相关教材的基础上，结合飞机维修的实际工作，精心编写而成。与第2版相比，第3版主要增加了复合材料、载重与平衡、适航性等3章。
目录
Contents
Lesson 1Airplanes and Main Manufacturers Introduction
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Major Manufacturers of General Aviation Aircraft
Lesson 2About the 737 Family
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Boeing 737 Next Generation
Lesson 3B787 Dreamliner
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—B787 and Its Competitor
Lesson 4Autopilot System
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Modern Autopilots
Lesson 5Aircraft Electrical Power
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Aircraft Electrical System
Lesson 6Hydraulic Power
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Aircraft Hydraulic System
Lesson 7Auxiliary Power Unit
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—APU
Lesson 8How Can I Be an Aircraft Mechanic?
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Becoming a Licensed Aircraft Maintenance Engineer in New Zealand
Lesson 9Airplane Health Management
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Boeing to Provide Airplane Health Management System to Qantas
Lesson 10Aviation Material Management
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Composites and Advanced Materials in Aircraft
Lesson 11Customer Support
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Customer Service Representative
Lesson 12Next Generation Air Transportation System
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Next Generation Data Communications
Lesson 13Composite Material Usage in Aircraft Structure
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Nondestructive Inspection (NDI) of Composites
Lesson 14Weight and Balance
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Aircraft Weight Definitions
Lesson 15Airworthiness of Aircraft
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—PART Ⅱ. PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION AND CONTINUING
AIRWORTHINESS
Vocabulary
Appendix ⅠB737NG After Flight Routine Jobcard
Appendix ⅡAviation Abbreviations and Acronyms
Appendix ⅢAnswers for “Choose the Best Answer”of 15 Lessons
Appendix ⅣReference Answers for Questions of 15 Lessons
References
序言
前言
21世纪是中国民航高速发展的重要时期，为了满足中国民航运输业的需要，中国民航需要大量引进欧美等国家的飞机，如波音、空中客车飞机，尽管我国也在努力研发自主知识产权的飞机，但学好飞机维修各专业的专业英语，在当前乃至未来很长一段时间都具有重要的意义。
当前，中国民航主要的飞机为波音、空中客车飞机，而这些飞机的随机技术资料均为英文，飞机维修（简称“机务”）人员必须掌握相应的专业技术词汇才能阅读并真正理解这些技术资料，如AMM（Aircraft Maintenance Manual，飞机维护手册）、IPC（Illustrated Part Catalogue，图解零部件目录）等，这对机务人员排除飞机故障和更好地维护、修理飞机具有重要的作用，进而保障飞机的安全； 同时，学好飞机维修专业英语对于有志于考取各类执照（尤其国外的飞机维修执照，如FAA维修人员执照）和在外国航空公司或外航驻中国办事处工作的机务人员，有很好的助力作用。
本书在总结中国“民航机务专业英语”相关教材编写情况和经验的基础上，结合飞机维修的实际工作情况，精心挑选、编写了15篇课文，内容包括飞机的一般知识、数量最多的机型B737飞机家族、……、飞机自动驾驶系统、飞机电气系统、飞机液压系统、辅助动力装置、新一代的空中交通系统和飞机复合材料，以及飞机维修工程管理类的知识，如飞机健康管理、飞机航材管理、客户支持、飞机载重与平衡、飞机适航等。期望尽可能地涵盖飞机维修及其管理的各个方面，使读者在精读本书后，达到如下目的： 掌握飞机专业技术英文词汇，能够阅读飞机各类英文技术手册和相关文献； 能够更多地了解飞机维修的相关知识，可以认识到飞机维修不仅是严谨的技术工作，也是庞大的系统管理工程，从而对飞机维修的工作提供帮助。
同时，本书还有如下几个特色：
（1） 附录中列出了B737NG（New Generation）飞机航后维修工作单，中英文对照的编排供读者检验学习效果；
（2） 附录中列出了飞机维修较为常见的专业英文缩略语，另外，本书在每一课结尾有本课的词汇并在课文中按顺序加粗提示，并提供全书的词汇表；
（3） 附录部分还提供了每一篇课文课后问题的参考答案，为读者自学提供帮助；
（4） 每一篇课文都提供了本课生词、长难句翻译、课后问题和延伸阅读，以利于读者自学，其中延伸阅读能进一步拓展读者的知识面。
本书第1版自2011年3月出版以来，由于特色鲜明，内容全面、丰富，易于学习和掌握，深受读者喜爱，多次重印，被全国各地多所普通高校、高职高专院校选作教材或参考书，同时本书也被国内各家航空公司、飞机制造公司等的培训部门选用，作为飞机工程技术人员平时业务学习使用。
2013年，根据各地读者的热情反馈，为提高本书的质量，以便能更好地服务读者，也为方便授课教师使用，本书做了进一步勘误，同时补充了其他内容，如在每一课后面补充单项选择题、在每一课原文中插入相关图片等，于2014年1月出版了第2版教材，第2版教材使用至今，读者反映良好，肯定了其实用性和易学性，也提出了宝贵的建议。
本书的编写工作得到上海工程技术大学航空运输学院/飞行学院郝勇教授的大力支持，魏鹏程老师编写了一部分内容并提出了宝贵意见，上海航空公司机务部马银才高级工程师提供了部分资料，上海航空公司飞行部陶毅超飞行员对本书部分内容进行了仔细校对，在此一并表示衷心感谢。
本书可作为大、中专院校飞机维修各相关专业（如航空机电设备维修、航空器械维修、民航机电工程、飞行器动力工程、飞行器制造工程、机场工程与管理、民航电子电气工程）等的“民航机务专业英语”或“专业英语”课程的教材或教学辅助材料使用，也可供航空公司等民航企事业单位的飞机工程技术人员培训和学习使用。
由于水平有限，错误和不妥之处在所难免，敬请读者提出宝贵意见，以便再版订正，从而能为广大读者更好地服务。
编著者
2018年2月
文摘
Lesson 3
B787 Dreamliner
Boeing 787
Everett, Wash., Jan. 15, 2010—Boeing has completed initial airworthiness testing on the 787 dreamliner. This milestone will enable more crew members to take part in flights and will allow more airplanes to join the flight test program.
“This is an important step forward, ” said Scott Fancher, vice president and general manager of the 787 program, Boeing Commercial Airplanes. “We are very pleased with the results we have achieved so far. The airplane has been performing as we expected.”
Since the first flight in midDecember, the program has conducted 15 flights, achieving several key accomplishments. Pilots have taken the airplane to an altitude of 30,000 feet (9,144 meters) and a speed of Mach 0.65. Nearly 60 hours of flying have been completed. Initial stall tests and other dynamic maneuvers have been run, as well as an extensive checkout of the airplane’s systems. Six different pilots have been behind the controls of the 787.
B787 Interior Flight Test
“The pilots have told me the results we are seeing in flight match their expectations and the simulations we’ve run. That’s a real tribute to Boeing’s expertise and the international team that helped develop and build the airplane, ” said Fancher.
Flight testing will continue in the months ahead. First delivery is planned for the fourth quarter of this year.
“This airplane is specifically configured to test the passenger experience elements of the airplane, ” said Tom Galantowicz, director of 787 Interiors, Commercial Airplanes. “Our engineers and flighttest team use a disciplined process to certify the various elements of the interior and conduct airplanelevel verifications.”
The interior includes 135 seats, multiple lavatories and two crew rests. Certifying the interior components involves analyses and testing of the lighting, lavatories, stowage bins, dimmable windows and galleys.
Passengers will be welcomed onto the 787 by sweeping arches, dynamic lighting, larger lavatories, more spacious luggage bins and electronic window shades whose transparency they can change during flight.
Sweeping arch
“Our team is making great progress and is looking forward to getting this airplane in the air later this month, ” Galantowicz added.
Flight testing will continue in the months ahead. Delivery of the first 787 to launch customer ANA (All Nippon Airways) of Japan is planned for the fourth quarter of this year.
B787 Power On
The Boeing Company has completed the Power On sequence for the first 787 dreamliner, marking the completion of the next major milestone on the path to the first flight later this year.
B787 dreamliner
Power On is a complex series of tasks and tests that bring electrical power onto the airplane and begin to exercise the use of the electrical systems. The 787 is a moreelectric airplane with the pneumatic, or bleed air, system being totally replaced by electronics.
“The team has made great progress in bringing the bold innovation of the 787 to reality,” said Pat Shanahan, vice president and general manager of the 787 program. “There is plenty of work to be done between now and first flight, but with every step forward we grow more and more confident.”
Responding to the overwhelming preference of airlines around the world, Boeing Commercial Airplanes’ new airplane is the Boeing 787 dreamliner, a superefficient airplane. An international team of top aerospace companies is developing the airplane, led by Boeing at its Everett facility near Seattle, Wash.
Unparalleled Performance
The 787 8 dreamliner will carry 210-250 passengers on routes of 7,650 to 8,200 nautical miles (14,200 to 15,200 kilometers), while the 7879 dreamliner will carry 250-290 passengers on routes of 8,000 to 8,500 nautical miles (14,800 to 15,750 kilometers). A third 787 family member, the 7873 dreamliner, will accommodate 290-330 passengers and be optimized for routes of 2,500 to 3,050 nautical miles (4,600 to 5,650 kilometers).
In addition to bringing bigjet ranges to midsize airplanes, the 787 will provide airlines with unmatched fuel efficiency, resulting in exceptional environmental performance. The airplane will use 20 percent less fuel for comparable missions than today’s similarly sized airplane. It will also travel at speeds similar to today’s fastest wide bodies, Mach 0.85. Airlines will enjoy more cargo revenue capacity.
Passengers will also see improvements with the new airplane, from an interior environment with higher humidity to increased comfort and convenience.
Advanced Technology
The key to this exceptional performance is a suite of new technologies being developed by Boeing and its international technology development team.
Boeing has announced that as much as 50 percent of the primary structure—including the fuselage and wing—on the 787 will be made of composite materials.
GE engine for B787
An open architecture will be at the heart of the 787’s systems, which will be more simplified than today’s airplanes and offer increased functionality. For example, the team is looking at incorporating healthmonitoring systems that will allow the airplane to selfmonitor and report maintenance requirements to groundbased computer systems.
Boeing has selected General Electric and RollsRoyce to develop engines for the new airplane. It is expected that advances in engine technology will contribute as much as 8 percent of the increased efficiency of the new airplane, representing a nearly twogeneration jump in technology for the middle of the market.
Another improvement in efficiency will come in the way the airplane is designed and built. New technologies and processes are in development to help Boeing and its supplier partners achieve unprecedented levels of performance at every phase of the program. For example, by manufacturing a onepiece fuselage section, we are eliminating 1,500 aluminum sheets and 40,000-50,000 fasteners.
Continuing Progress
The Boeing board of directors granted authority to offer the airplane for sale in late 2003. Program launch occurred in April 2004 with a record order from AllNippon Airways. Since that time, 55 customers from six continents of the world have placed orders for 840 airplanes valued at $140 billion, making this the most successful launch of a new commercial airplane in Boeing’s history. The 787 program opened its final assembly plant in Everett in May 2007.
All Nippon Airways
The program has signed on 43 of the world’s most capable toptier supplier partners and together finalized the airplane’s configuration in September 2005. Boeing has been working with its top tier suppliers since the early detailed design phase of the program and all are connected virtually at 135 sites around the world. Eleven partners from around the world completed facility construction for a total of 3 million additional square feet to create their major structures and bring the next new airplane to market.
In the weeks ahead, the team will continue to expand the flight envelope at which the 787 will operate to reach an altitude of more than 40,000 feet (12, 192 meters) and a speed of Mach 0.85. Subsequent testing will push the airplane beyond expected operational conditions.
New Words & Phrases
initial airworthiness初始适航
dreamliner梦想飞机，即B787飞机
stall test失速测试
dynamic maneuver动态机动
stowage bin储物箱
launch customer启动客户
ANA=All Nippon Airways全日空航空公司
Everett facility埃弗里特工厂
route航程
wide bodies宽体客机
composite material复合材料
healthmonitoring systems健康监控系统
General Electric美国通用电气公司
RollsRoyce英国劳斯莱斯公司
twogeneration jump跨越两代的
fastener紧固件
toptier
in the weeks ahead在未来几个星期
flight envelope飞行包线
Choose the Best Answer
1. The launch customer of 787 is.
A. UAB. ANAC. AAD. Air France
2. is to bring electrical power onto the airplane and begin to exercise the use of electrical system.
A. Power onB. Electricity onC. Power offD. Turn on
3. 787 is a more electronic airplane with the , or bleed air system being totally replaced by electronics.
A. pneumaticB. electricalC. hydraulicD. air
4. A half of the primary structures of 787 are made ofmaterials.
A. complexB. compositeC. alloyD. plastic
5. and supply engines to 787.
A. PW, R.RB. PW, CFMC. GE, RRD. GE, CFM
6. Which one is not a fastener?
A. Nut.B. Bolt.C. Rivet.D. Sensor.
7. B787 is a airplane.
A. widebodyB. fat bodyC. narrow bodyD. thin body
8. Oneis just the speed of sound.
A. machB. mileC. nautical mileD. foot
9. Dreamliner refers to .
A. 777B. 787C. 380D. 350
10. Which one of the following statements about 787 is wrong?
A. Its pneumatic system is replaced by electronics.
B. A half the primary structure of it is made of composite materials.
C. It brings bigjet range to midsize airplanes.
D. The cabin humidity is decreased.
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
1. Initial stall tests and other dynamic maneuvers have been run, as well as an extensive checkout of the airplane’s systems.
T: 包括一项飞机系统的广泛检查在内，初始失速测试和其他动态操纵已经完成。
2. Passengers will be welcomed onto the 787 by sweeping arches, dynamic lighting, larger lavatories, more spacious luggage bins and electronic window shades whose transparency they can change during flight.
T: 旅客通过大拱门登上787飞机，787飞机内有动态照明、更宽敞的厕所、更大空间的行李箱和在飞行中旅客可以自己调整亮度的电子式窗户遮光板。
3. The Boeing Company has completed the Power On sequence for the first 787 dreamliner, marking the completion of the next major milestone on the path to the first flight later this year.
T: 波音公司已经完成了第一架787梦想飞机的通电程序，这标志着今年年底实现第一次飞行的又一个主要里程碑的完成。
4. In addition to bringing bigjet ranges to midsize airplanes, the 787 will provide airlines with unmatched fuel efficiency, resulting in exceptional environmental performance.
T: 除了中型飞机实现远航程的飞行外，787也提供给航空公司无可比拟的燃油燃烧效率，这将表现出突出的环保性能。
5. For example, the team is looking at incorporating healthmonitoring systems that will allow the airplane to selfmonitor and report maintenance requirements to groundbased computer systems.
T: 例如，开发团队正研制健康监控系统，这将使飞机能够自行检测并把维护要求报告给地面计算机系统。
Questions
1 What materials are used to make as much as 50% of the primary structure of B787?
2 What is the Boeing international technology development team looking at?
3 How do the advances inengine technology benefit B787?
4 What features does the B787 aircraft interior have?
5 What’s the meaning of B787 Power On?
6 How do you understand the unparalleled performance of B787 aircraft?
Extensive Reading
B787 and Its Competitor
The B787 is often compared against the A380 jumbo jet as the time that these concept were released were relatively close, and it was thought by many that it is Boeing’s competing weapon against the A380 to regain Boeing market position. After the not so successful launch of the 747X supersonic concept, Boeing had realized that it needed an aircraft that would meet airliners needs. The B787 was the opposite of the A380 in the sense that Boeing saw the need for efficiency and cost saving in airlines, instead of aggressive expansion and optimistic forecasting in travel demand. Apart from the many technical innovations, the B787 is also sold at a fraction less than the A380.
In 2005, Airbus launched the maiden flight of its jumbo jet — the A380. The capacity was even greater than the previous jumbo jet B747. This revolutionary aircraft had totally changed the possible ways of operation in the commercial airline industry, as it would allow airlines to meet their rapid growing demand in a much more efficient and effective way— by carrying more passengers per flight. The aircraft could travel longer distances, allowing less stopover and transits, more direct pointtopoint routing, and the extra room in the cabin to develop a more comfortable travel experience for travelers. At the point of development, it was commented by many that it would be the trend of future travel.
In contrary, the B787 was a downsized aircraft from Boeing’s previous model B747; it promoted the spokesandhub system instead of encouraging longhaul point to point services; the cabin was not designed to carry more passengers at once, but to more efficiently carry existing demand as Boeing saw the aviation market to be diminishing in demand due to various environmental reasons such as the slowdown in economy; many markets being mature and have settled down in the flying population; the raise of lowcost carriers that encourage use of smaller airports which do not accommodate for larger aircraft, etc.
Here the two aircraft are not compared against each other for it specifications or performance, as they are totally different aircraft categories and sizes; the comparison is to the different perspectives that the two manufacturers have taken against the future traveling trends in the airline industry. Where the Airbus has taken the optimistic expansion approach to the airline industry’s future; Boeing has approached their near future with a perspective closer to reality, where airlines can use this aircraft as a tool to improve their product on current services without breaking the bank. Boeing is seeing the next period of air travel to be more of a recovering period for most airlines, and more importantly adapting their designs to current market needs with some creative innovations more than trying to create a new market all together.
B787’s Technical difficulties
Apart from the late delivery, the B787 also failed to offer as much as they had promised with the new aircraft making technologies. It appeared that the major reason of delay was because the aircraft had difficulty achieving its weight target and the increased efficiency did not make a significant difference. Although there were massive reductions in fastens and aluminum sheers, it did not seem to help. As a result, the manufacturer proposed to its customers a 10-15% reduction in the aircraft range for early deliveries, and the aircraft would still be 8% overweight.
In addition, the composition factor had promised the first major structural examination to be at the aircraft’s 12th anniversary, as it had less concerns over corrosion. However, as suggested by Lawrence and Thornton a more severe matter is that corrosion in metal is easy to be noticed, and much more is known about the fracture mechanics of metal pieces than composition; and the complexity of investing to evaluation composite structures will be a laborintensive and expensive job for its customers. However if the composite material proves to be a more enduring and reliable material, it is likely that there will be increase usage of the material and the above concerns should gradually diminish as the knowledge to maintenance improves.
Despite the multiple technical problems that had struck the delivery roll out of the B787 Dreamliner, its innovative and ground breaking technology that promotes to enhance cost saving for airlines is still a major advantage of the aircraft. The global economical downturn had also favored the concept further as airlines struggled financially and needed methods to cut costs. The trend is obvious that airlines are turning towards a more costeffective way of operation, and is likely to stay so at least for the foreseeable future. Therefore, here it is concluded that the Dreamliner has gained itself an important contribution to future air travel trends. The B787 has secured it’s position to both lowcost and conventional airline business modes by offering a flexible configuration in favor to fully utilize the aircraft to meet their market needs on top of costsaving, be it the customers wish to carry more cargo or passengers, have three cabins or one.
Questions for extensive reading
1. Why is the B787 compared against the A380 jumbo jet?
2. Why does the B787 fail to deliver on time?
Lesson 4
Autopilot System
Airplane cockpit
Introduction
The thrust management system does two functions. It moves the throttles and calculates the thrust limit for the EICAS display.
EICAS
The Yaw damper/Stabilizer trim Module (YSM) combines these functions: yaw damper; stabilizer trim; rudder ratio changer; speed brake; elevator feel limit; elevator feel shift; BITE.
The autoflight lesson will only cover the yaw damper, stabilizer trim, and BITE functions of the YSM. The yaw damper function controls the rudder to decrease yaw oscillations due to Dutch roll or gustinduced sideslips.
The automatic stabilizer trim and mach trim system controls stabilizer position as a function
《民航机务专业英语（第3版）》是在总结已有相关教材的基础上，结合飞机维修的实际工作，精心编写而成。与第2版相比，第3版主要增加了复合材料、载重与平衡、适航性等3章。
目录
Contents
Lesson 1Airplanes and Main Manufacturers Introduction
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Major Manufacturers of General Aviation Aircraft
Lesson 2About the 737 Family
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Boeing 737 Next Generation
Lesson 3B787 Dreamliner
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—B787 and Its Competitor
Lesson 4Autopilot System
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Modern Autopilots
Lesson 5Aircraft Electrical Power
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Aircraft Electrical System
Lesson 6Hydraulic Power
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Aircraft Hydraulic System
Lesson 7Auxiliary Power Unit
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—APU
Lesson 8How Can I Be an Aircraft Mechanic?
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Becoming a Licensed Aircraft Maintenance Engineer in New Zealand
Lesson 9Airplane Health Management
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Boeing to Provide Airplane Health Management System to Qantas
Lesson 10Aviation Material Management
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Composites and Advanced Materials in Aircraft
Lesson 11Customer Support
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Customer Service Representative
Lesson 12Next Generation Air Transportation System
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Next Generation Data Communications
Lesson 13Composite Material Usage in Aircraft Structure
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Nondestructive Inspection (NDI) of Composites
Lesson 14Weight and Balance
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—Aircraft Weight Definitions
Lesson 15Airworthiness of Aircraft
New Words & Phrases
Choose the Best Answer
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
Questions
Extensive Reading—PART Ⅱ. PROCEDURES FOR CERTIFICATION AND CONTINUING
AIRWORTHINESS
Vocabulary
Appendix ⅠB737NG After Flight Routine Jobcard
Appendix ⅡAviation Abbreviations and Acronyms
Appendix ⅢAnswers for “Choose the Best Answer”of 15 Lessons
Appendix ⅣReference Answers for Questions of 15 Lessons
References
序言
前言
21世纪是中国民航高速发展的重要时期，为了满足中国民航运输业的需要，中国民航需要大量引进欧美等国家的飞机，如波音、空中客车飞机，尽管我国也在努力研发自主知识产权的飞机，但学好飞机维修各专业的专业英语，在当前乃至未来很长一段时间都具有重要的意义。
当前，中国民航主要的飞机为波音、空中客车飞机，而这些飞机的随机技术资料均为英文，飞机维修（简称“机务”）人员必须掌握相应的专业技术词汇才能阅读并真正理解这些技术资料，如AMM（Aircraft Maintenance Manual，飞机维护手册）、IPC（Illustrated Part Catalogue，图解零部件目录）等，这对机务人员排除飞机故障和更好地维护、修理飞机具有重要的作用，进而保障飞机的安全； 同时，学好飞机维修专业英语对于有志于考取各类执照（尤其国外的飞机维修执照，如FAA维修人员执照）和在外国航空公司或外航驻中国办事处工作的机务人员，有很好的助力作用。
本书在总结中国“民航机务专业英语”相关教材编写情况和经验的基础上，结合飞机维修的实际工作情况，精心挑选、编写了15篇课文，内容包括飞机的一般知识、数量最多的机型B737飞机家族、……、飞机自动驾驶系统、飞机电气系统、飞机液压系统、辅助动力装置、新一代的空中交通系统和飞机复合材料，以及飞机维修工程管理类的知识，如飞机健康管理、飞机航材管理、客户支持、飞机载重与平衡、飞机适航等。期望尽可能地涵盖飞机维修及其管理的各个方面，使读者在精读本书后，达到如下目的： 掌握飞机专业技术英文词汇，能够阅读飞机各类英文技术手册和相关文献； 能够更多地了解飞机维修的相关知识，可以认识到飞机维修不仅是严谨的技术工作，也是庞大的系统管理工程，从而对飞机维修的工作提供帮助。
同时，本书还有如下几个特色：
（1） 附录中列出了B737NG（New Generation）飞机航后维修工作单，中英文对照的编排供读者检验学习效果；
（2） 附录中列出了飞机维修较为常见的专业英文缩略语，另外，本书在每一课结尾有本课的词汇并在课文中按顺序加粗提示，并提供全书的词汇表；
（3） 附录部分还提供了每一篇课文课后问题的参考答案，为读者自学提供帮助；
（4） 每一篇课文都提供了本课生词、长难句翻译、课后问题和延伸阅读，以利于读者自学，其中延伸阅读能进一步拓展读者的知识面。
本书第1版自2011年3月出版以来，由于特色鲜明，内容全面、丰富，易于学习和掌握，深受读者喜爱，多次重印，被全国各地多所普通高校、高职高专院校选作教材或参考书，同时本书也被国内各家航空公司、飞机制造公司等的培训部门选用，作为飞机工程技术人员平时业务学习使用。
2013年，根据各地读者的热情反馈，为提高本书的质量，以便能更好地服务读者，也为方便授课教师使用，本书做了进一步勘误，同时补充了其他内容，如在每一课后面补充单项选择题、在每一课原文中插入相关图片等，于2014年1月出版了第2版教材，第2版教材使用至今，读者反映良好，肯定了其实用性和易学性，也提出了宝贵的建议。
本书的编写工作得到上海工程技术大学航空运输学院/飞行学院郝勇教授的大力支持，魏鹏程老师编写了一部分内容并提出了宝贵意见，上海航空公司机务部马银才高级工程师提供了部分资料，上海航空公司飞行部陶毅超飞行员对本书部分内容进行了仔细校对，在此一并表示衷心感谢。
本书可作为大、中专院校飞机维修各相关专业（如航空机电设备维修、航空器械维修、民航机电工程、飞行器动力工程、飞行器制造工程、机场工程与管理、民航电子电气工程）等的“民航机务专业英语”或“专业英语”课程的教材或教学辅助材料使用，也可供航空公司等民航企事业单位的飞机工程技术人员培训和学习使用。
由于水平有限，错误和不妥之处在所难免，敬请读者提出宝贵意见，以便再版订正，从而能为广大读者更好地服务。
编著者
2018年2月
文摘
Lesson 3
B787 Dreamliner
Boeing 787
Everett, Wash., Jan. 15, 2010—Boeing has completed initial airworthiness testing on the 787 dreamliner. This milestone will enable more crew members to take part in flights and will allow more airplanes to join the flight test program.
“This is an important step forward, ” said Scott Fancher, vice president and general manager of the 787 program, Boeing Commercial Airplanes. “We are very pleased with the results we have achieved so far. The airplane has been performing as we expected.”
Since the first flight in midDecember, the program has conducted 15 flights, achieving several key accomplishments. Pilots have taken the airplane to an altitude of 30,000 feet (9,144 meters) and a speed of Mach 0.65. Nearly 60 hours of flying have been completed. Initial stall tests and other dynamic maneuvers have been run, as well as an extensive checkout of the airplane’s systems. Six different pilots have been behind the controls of the 787.
B787 Interior Flight Test
“The pilots have told me the results we are seeing in flight match their expectations and the simulations we’ve run. That’s a real tribute to Boeing’s expertise and the international team that helped develop and build the airplane, ” said Fancher.
Flight testing will continue in the months ahead. First delivery is planned for the fourth quarter of this year.
“This airplane is specifically configured to test the passenger experience elements of the airplane, ” said Tom Galantowicz, director of 787 Interiors, Commercial Airplanes. “Our engineers and flighttest team use a disciplined process to certify the various elements of the interior and conduct airplanelevel verifications.”
The interior includes 135 seats, multiple lavatories and two crew rests. Certifying the interior components involves analyses and testing of the lighting, lavatories, stowage bins, dimmable windows and galleys.
Passengers will be welcomed onto the 787 by sweeping arches, dynamic lighting, larger lavatories, more spacious luggage bins and electronic window shades whose transparency they can change during flight.
Sweeping arch
“Our team is making great progress and is looking forward to getting this airplane in the air later this month, ” Galantowicz added.
Flight testing will continue in the months ahead. Delivery of the first 787 to launch customer ANA (All Nippon Airways) of Japan is planned for the fourth quarter of this year.
B787 Power On
The Boeing Company has completed the Power On sequence for the first 787 dreamliner, marking the completion of the next major milestone on the path to the first flight later this year.
B787 dreamliner
Power On is a complex series of tasks and tests that bring electrical power onto the airplane and begin to exercise the use of the electrical systems. The 787 is a moreelectric airplane with the pneumatic, or bleed air, system being totally replaced by electronics.
“The team has made great progress in bringing the bold innovation of the 787 to reality,” said Pat Shanahan, vice president and general manager of the 787 program. “There is plenty of work to be done between now and first flight, but with every step forward we grow more and more confident.”
Responding to the overwhelming preference of airlines around the world, Boeing Commercial Airplanes’ new airplane is the Boeing 787 dreamliner, a superefficient airplane. An international team of top aerospace companies is developing the airplane, led by Boeing at its Everett facility near Seattle, Wash.
Unparalleled Performance
The 787 8 dreamliner will carry 210-250 passengers on routes of 7,650 to 8,200 nautical miles (14,200 to 15,200 kilometers), while the 7879 dreamliner will carry 250-290 passengers on routes of 8,000 to 8,500 nautical miles (14,800 to 15,750 kilometers). A third 787 family member, the 7873 dreamliner, will accommodate 290-330 passengers and be optimized for routes of 2,500 to 3,050 nautical miles (4,600 to 5,650 kilometers).
In addition to bringing bigjet ranges to midsize airplanes, the 787 will provide airlines with unmatched fuel efficiency, resulting in exceptional environmental performance. The airplane will use 20 percent less fuel for comparable missions than today’s similarly sized airplane. It will also travel at speeds similar to today’s fastest wide bodies, Mach 0.85. Airlines will enjoy more cargo revenue capacity.
Passengers will also see improvements with the new airplane, from an interior environment with higher humidity to increased comfort and convenience.
Advanced Technology
The key to this exceptional performance is a suite of new technologies being developed by Boeing and its international technology development team.
Boeing has announced that as much as 50 percent of the primary structure—including the fuselage and wing—on the 787 will be made of composite materials.
GE engine for B787
An open architecture will be at the heart of the 787’s systems, which will be more simplified than today’s airplanes and offer increased functionality. For example, the team is looking at incorporating healthmonitoring systems that will allow the airplane to selfmonitor and report maintenance requirements to groundbased computer systems.
Boeing has selected General Electric and RollsRoyce to develop engines for the new airplane. It is expected that advances in engine technology will contribute as much as 8 percent of the increased efficiency of the new airplane, representing a nearly twogeneration jump in technology for the middle of the market.
Another improvement in efficiency will come in the way the airplane is designed and built. New technologies and processes are in development to help Boeing and its supplier partners achieve unprecedented levels of performance at every phase of the program. For example, by manufacturing a onepiece fuselage section, we are eliminating 1,500 aluminum sheets and 40,000-50,000 fasteners.
Continuing Progress
The Boeing board of directors granted authority to offer the airplane for sale in late 2003. Program launch occurred in April 2004 with a record order from AllNippon Airways. Since that time, 55 customers from six continents of the world have placed orders for 840 airplanes valued at $140 billion, making this the most successful launch of a new commercial airplane in Boeing’s history. The 787 program opened its final assembly plant in Everett in May 2007.
All Nippon Airways
The program has signed on 43 of the world’s most capable toptier supplier partners and together finalized the airplane’s configuration in September 2005. Boeing has been working with its top tier suppliers since the early detailed design phase of the program and all are connected virtually at 135 sites around the world. Eleven partners from around the world completed facility construction for a total of 3 million additional square feet to create their major structures and bring the next new airplane to market.
In the weeks ahead, the team will continue to expand the flight envelope at which the 787 will operate to reach an altitude of more than 40,000 feet (12, 192 meters) and a speed of Mach 0.85. Subsequent testing will push the airplane beyond expected operational conditions.
New Words & Phrases
initial airworthiness初始适航
dreamliner梦想飞机，即B787飞机
stall test失速测试
dynamic maneuver动态机动
stowage bin储物箱
launch customer启动客户
ANA=All Nippon Airways全日空航空公司
Everett facility埃弗里特工厂
route航程
wide bodies宽体客机
composite material复合材料
healthmonitoring systems健康监控系统
General Electric美国通用电气公司
RollsRoyce英国劳斯莱斯公司
twogeneration jump跨越两代的
fastener紧固件
toptier
in the weeks ahead在未来几个星期
flight envelope飞行包线
Choose the Best Answer
1. The launch customer of 787 is.
A. UAB. ANAC. AAD. Air France
2. is to bring electrical power onto the airplane and begin to exercise the use of electrical system.
A. Power onB. Electricity onC. Power offD. Turn on
3. 787 is a more electronic airplane with the , or bleed air system being totally replaced by electronics.
A. pneumaticB. electricalC. hydraulicD. air
4. A half of the primary structures of 787 are made ofmaterials.
A. complexB. compositeC. alloyD. plastic
5. and supply engines to 787.
A. PW, R.RB. PW, CFMC. GE, RRD. GE, CFM
6. Which one is not a fastener?
A. Nut.B. Bolt.C. Rivet.D. Sensor.
7. B787 is a airplane.
A. widebodyB. fat bodyC. narrow bodyD. thin body
8. Oneis just the speed of sound.
A. machB. mileC. nautical mileD. foot
9. Dreamliner refers to .
A. 777B. 787C. 380D. 350
10. Which one of the following statements about 787 is wrong?
A. Its pneumatic system is replaced by electronics.
B. A half the primary structure of it is made of composite materials.
C. It brings bigjet range to midsize airplanes.
D. The cabin humidity is decreased.
Translations of Long and Difficult Sentences
1. Initial stall tests and other dynamic maneuvers have been run, as well as an extensive checkout of the airplane’s systems.
T: 包括一项飞机系统的广泛检查在内，初始失速测试和其他动态操纵已经完成。
2. Passengers will be welcomed onto the 787 by sweeping arches, dynamic lighting, larger lavatories, more spacious luggage bins and electronic window shades whose transparency they can change during flight.
T: 旅客通过大拱门登上787飞机，787飞机内有动态照明、更宽敞的厕所、更大空间的行李箱和在飞行中旅客可以自己调整亮度的电子式窗户遮光板。
3. The Boeing Company has completed the Power On sequence for the first 787 dreamliner, marking the completion of the next major milestone on the path to the first flight later this year.
T: 波音公司已经完成了第一架787梦想飞机的通电程序，这标志着今年年底实现第一次飞行的又一个主要里程碑的完成。
4. In addition to bringing bigjet ranges to midsize airplanes, the 787 will provide airlines with unmatched fuel efficiency, resulting in exceptional environmental performance.
T: 除了中型飞机实现远航程的飞行外，787也提供给航空公司无可比拟的燃油燃烧效率，这将表现出突出的环保性能。
5. For example, the team is looking at incorporating healthmonitoring systems that will allow the airplane to selfmonitor and report maintenance requirements to groundbased computer systems.
T: 例如，开发团队正研制健康监控系统，这将使飞机能够自行检测并把维护要求报告给地面计算机系统。
Questions
1 What materials are used to make as much as 50% of the primary structure of B787?
2 What is the Boeing international technology development team looking at?
3 How do the advances inengine technology benefit B787?
4 What features does the B787 aircraft interior have?
5 What’s the meaning of B787 Power On?
6 How do you understand the unparalleled performance of B787 aircraft?
Extensive Reading
B787 and Its Competitor
The B787 is often compared against the A380 jumbo jet as the time that these concept were released were relatively close, and it was thought by many that it is Boeing’s competing weapon against the A380 to regain Boeing market position. After the not so successful launch of the 747X supersonic concept, Boeing had realized that it needed an aircraft that would meet airliners needs. The B787 was the opposite of the A380 in the sense that Boeing saw the need for efficiency and cost saving in airlines, instead of aggressive expansion and optimistic forecasting in travel demand. Apart from the many technical innovations, the B787 is also sold at a fraction less than the A380.
In 2005, Airbus launched the maiden flight of its jumbo jet — the A380. The capacity was even greater than the previous jumbo jet B747. This revolutionary aircraft had totally changed the possible ways of operation in the commercial airline industry, as it would allow airlines to meet their rapid growing demand in a much more efficient and effective way— by carrying more passengers per flight. The aircraft could travel longer distances, allowing less stopover and transits, more direct pointtopoint routing, and the extra room in the cabin to develop a more comfortable travel experience for travelers. At the point of development, it was commented by many that it would be the trend of future travel.
In contrary, the B787 was a downsized aircraft from Boeing’s previous model B747; it promoted the spokesandhub system instead of encouraging longhaul point to point services; the cabin was not designed to carry more passengers at once, but to more efficiently carry existing demand as Boeing saw the aviation market to be diminishing in demand due to various environmental reasons such as the slowdown in economy; many markets being mature and have settled down in the flying population; the raise of lowcost carriers that encourage use of smaller airports which do not accommodate for larger aircraft, etc.
Here the two aircraft are not compared against each other for it specifications or performance, as they are totally different aircraft categories and sizes; the comparison is to the different perspectives that the two manufacturers have taken against the future traveling trends in the airline industry. Where the Airbus has taken the optimistic expansion approach to the airline industry’s future; Boeing has approached their near future with a perspective closer to reality, where airlines can use this aircraft as a tool to improve their product on current services without breaking the bank. Boeing is seeing the next period of air travel to be more of a recovering period for most airlines, and more importantly adapting their designs to current market needs with some creative innovations more than trying to create a new market all together.
B787’s Technical difficulties
Apart from the late delivery, the B787 also failed to offer as much as they had promised with the new aircraft making technologies. It appeared that the major reason of delay was because the aircraft had difficulty achieving its weight target and the increased efficiency did not make a significant difference. Although there were massive reductions in fastens and aluminum sheers, it did not seem to help. As a result, the manufacturer proposed to its customers a 10-15% reduction in the aircraft range for early deliveries, and the aircraft would still be 8% overweight.
In addition, the composition factor had promised the first major structural examination to be at the aircraft’s 12th anniversary, as it had less concerns over corrosion. However, as suggested by Lawrence and Thornton a more severe matter is that corrosion in metal is easy to be noticed, and much more is known about the fracture mechanics of metal pieces than composition; and the complexity of investing to evaluation composite structures will be a laborintensive and expensive job for its customers. However if the composite material proves to be a more enduring and reliable material, it is likely that there will be increase usage of the material and the above concerns should gradually diminish as the knowledge to maintenance improves.
Despite the multiple technical problems that had struck the delivery roll out of the B787 Dreamliner, its innovative and ground breaking technology that promotes to enhance cost saving for airlines is still a major advantage of the aircraft. The global economical downturn had also favored the concept further as airlines struggled financially and needed methods to cut costs. The trend is obvious that airlines are turning towards a more costeffective way of operation, and is likely to stay so at least for the foreseeable future. Therefore, here it is concluded that the Dreamliner has gained itself an important contribution to future air travel trends. The B787 has secured it’s position to both lowcost and conventional airline business modes by offering a flexible configuration in favor to fully utilize the aircraft to meet their market needs on top of costsaving, be it the customers wish to carry more cargo or passengers, have three cabins or one.
Questions for extensive reading
1. Why is the B787 compared against the A380 jumbo jet?
2. Why does the B787 fail to deliver on time?
Lesson 4
Autopilot System
Airplane cockpit
Introduction
The thrust management system does two functions. It moves the throttles and calculates the thrust limit for the EICAS display.
EICAS
The Yaw damper/Stabilizer trim Module (YSM) combines these functions: yaw damper; stabilizer trim; rudder ratio changer; speed brake; elevator feel limit; elevator feel shift; BITE.
The autoflight lesson will only cover the yaw damper, stabilizer trim, and BITE functions of the YSM. The yaw damper function controls the rudder to decrease yaw oscillations due to Dutch roll or gustinduced sideslips.
The automatic stabilizer trim and mach trim system controls stabilizer position as a function
| ISBN | 9787302509271 |
|---|---|
| 出版社 | 清华大学出版社 |
| 作者 | 李永平 |
| 尺寸 | 16 |